Personal Statment

Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud and how does it relate to the person you are? I have been playing keyboard for about five years, which I really enjoy, I got my keyboard lessons from Melody International School of Music. My music school has recitals each year for it's students show what they have learned over the year.After attending the music school for about two years, my Instructor told me that I was dead for my first recital, which I was really exited for, since I started attending the music school I have always wanted to perform on a stage and have an audience to Impress. But I didn't know the preparation for the recital and the recital Itself would teach me a great life long lesson that I would need In life. It was December when my Instructor told me we were going to have our recital In about three months.He also told me that it was going to be a â€Å"bit† hard for me because I had to perform with al the students, at first I thought to myself he was just joking until he handed me a pile of paper, which were the notes of the songs the students choose to perform at the recital. At last he added I had three months to practice all one hundred and thirteen songs and to master them better than the performer, at that moment I felt so much pressure on myself, and so stressed out like the recital was tomorrow and I wasn't ready.I did what every person would do, panic because this was my first recital, and I had to perform on stage for two hours. But I had no choice I got to work, I practiced everyday for more than two hours each day and in addition to that I had to go to music studios every Sunday to practice with all of the students. There where days that I Just gave up on myself and I felt like I sucked but I still kept practicing, with in a month I saw progress, I could play the notes very well but still need to work on it but most importantly I didn't feel so bad about myself and there was less pressure on me.The three months passed so quick I felt I was sleep the whole time but I had been racketing and I had mastered all of the songs and I was ready to impress my audience. The recital was on March second, all of the students had to dress nice and professional, I wore a white shirt with black pants and black shoes. As my dad was driving me to the auditorium I felt so calm and relaxed because I knew that I was ready and I believe in myself and so did my Instructor.The guests started arriving slowly and by like thirty minutes the auditorium was full of people and the host stepped on to the stage and welcomed the guest and Introduced the Instructors and old to the audience that he wanted to Introduce a special person and at that moment I heard footsteps that were coming toward me and turned back and saw It was my Instructor witch came and grabbed me on my arm and told me to stand up and all of a sud den I heard my name over the speakers and he pulled me on to the stage and Introduced me to the audience and gave me a trophy, as the most valued musician at Melody International School of Music.I felt it was a dream, I could believe for her sit. The recital started and I was in a very good mood I performed very well ring the first session of the recital and the one half was remaining but I wasn't worried about it. After the second half ended they handed each student a trophy and the host finished the program.When everything was finished I felt so blessed that everything went so smooth, and felt the pressure was off me when I got it the day my instructor told me about everything about the recital. Everyone was so proud of me, my parents, my instructor, my family member, even some of the audience member congratulated me, and my family and that's was where I know I made my audience impressed.

Bee Colony Algorithm For Rectangle Packing Problems Design Essay

Packing job is considered as an NP-hard job. It is an optimisation job of happening an optimum agreement of a set of points in a larger container with the aim of minimising the spread on the packing country or maximising the container use. This sort of job occurs in different industries and is important in mechanical design and industry, transit and in the development of a good layout design of an endeavor [ 9 ] . This job has been studied and different algorithms have been applied to come up with an optimum wadding agreement. Some optimisation algorithms that were used in work outing were familial algorithm and atom drove algorithm. Furthermore, another optimisation and swarm-based algorithm called the Artificial Bee Colony ( ABC ) algorithm is presented in this paper. It is an algorithm that is based on the scrounging behavior of bees. In this survey, the research worker will utilize the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm in happening an optimum agreement of jammed rectangles. Packing jobs consider a set of points and a bin that will keep the points which aim to pack points every bit dumbly as possible with really optimum to no spreads. Packing jobs are helpful and widely used in several Fieldss such as in fabrication and in state of affairss like make fulling up containers, lading burden, ship edifice, building and ornament layout and so on [ .. ] . Packing jobs are classified depending on the job ‘s application and aim. Some of the most of import jobs such as cutting stock, backpack and bin packing [ 4 ] are defined below. The cutting stock job is about cutting various-sized pieces out on a given stock sheets. The job can either be a trim-loss job or an mixture job. Trim-loss Problem Trim-loss job is the allotment onto stock sheets of pieces of different sizes demanded by the clients with the purpose of minimising the cost of waste. Assortment Problem The mixture job is concerned in finding the size of the pieces or points to be kept in stock of sheets such that the best choice of points is used so waste is minimized. Knapsack Problem The backpack job describes the procedure of packing the most valuable points into a fixed-sized storage such as a backpack. The job consists of points with matching weights and values and a backpack of limited capacity. The aim of the backpack job is to find which points that maximize the value should be in the backpack given that the entire weight of the points is at most of the weight of the backpack. Taken from [ 12 ] Figure.1: Illustration on the backpack job Bin Packing Bin wadding job has a aggregation of points of different sizes and a figure of bins holding the same horizontal and perpendicular dimensions. There are different sorts of bin packing such as 2D wadding, 3D wadding, additive wadding, battalion by weight and more [ 14 ] . The aim of the job is to merely pack the points into the bins minimising the figure of bins used. Taken from [ 13 ] Figure.2: Bin wadding of different forms Loading Problems Loading jobs deal with rectangular boxes that are to be packed into a rectangular palette. These jobs can be classified into maker ‘s and distributer ‘s burden jobs [ 4 ] . Manufacturer ‘s and distributer ‘s burden jobs are chiefly concerned with the wadding of indistinguishable and non-identical rectangular pieces severally. The aim of lading jobs is to happen an optimum wadding form such that the figure of boxes to be placed in a certain palette or container is maximized. Taken from [ 15 ] Figure.3: Illustration on palette burden jobs for indistinguishable boxes Other Discrepancies of Packing Problems There are several sorts of packing jobs. The followers are some packing jobs that deal in â€Å" happening the maximal figure of a certain form that can be packed into a larger, possibly different form † [ 3 ] . Sphere in Cuboid – a sphere wadding job that involves in happening an optimum agreement of given a set of spherical objects with diameter vitamin D be packed into a cuboid with a size of a ten B x degree Celsius Packing Circles – are some circle packing jobs that attempt to pack a set of indistinguishable circles into a circle or another form Taken from [ 5 ] & A ; [ 6 ] Figure.4: ( a ) Circles in circle, ( B ) Circles in square ( degree Celsius ) Circles in equilateral trigon and ( vitamin D ) Circles in regular hexagon Packing Squares – shows a set of indistinguishable squares packed inside a form such as the square and circle Taken from [ 5 ] & A ; [ 6 ] Figure.5: ( a ) Squares in square and ( B ) Squares in circle Rectangle Packing Problems Rectangle Packing Problem Definition Rectangle wadding job is an optimisation job of apportioning a set of rectangle points into a larger rectangle, the container with the aim of minimising the packing country or the country wasted [ 8 ] . The set of rectangle points has different dimensions of width tungsten and tallness H and the entire country of the points should non transcend the country of the container width W and height H. The arrangement of the points is described by the undermentioned set of restraints [ 8 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] . No imbrication of rectangle points. No points must be wider or taller than the size of the container. Edges of the points must be parallel to the container ‘s border Taken from [ 7 ] Figure.6: Illustration of a authoritative rectangle wadding job process Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.7: A sample wadding of 9 rectangular points – 90o rotary motion allowed Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.8: A sample packing – fixed orientation, no rotary motion allowed Other Rectangle Packing Problems Packing Into An Open-ended Rectangle The job is described as arrangement, without overlapping, a set of rectangle points of different sizes in an open-ended rectangular container of width W. A rotary motion of 90A ° is allowed every bit long as no points overlap. All the rectangle points should be pack in manner that the entire length L of infinite occupied is minimized [ 1 ] . Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.9: A possible agreement of eight points Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.10: Packing into an open-ended rectangles with three different breadths. Packing Into Rectangles of Fixed Size The thought behind this job is similar to usual bin packing jobs. It consists of rectangle points of different horizontal and perpendicular dimensions and a set of rectangular sheets of fixed length and breadth. The aim is to â€Å" happen an agreement of the pieces that minimizes the figure of sheets needed † [ 1 ] . Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.11: Packing into fixed sized rectangles Drove Intelligence Swarm intelligence is defined as â€Å" any effort to plan algorithms or distributed problem-solving devices inspired by the corporate behavior of societal insect settlements and other carnal societies † [ 19 ] . What makes drove based algorithms an interesting mechanism for work outing jobs particularly NP-complete jobs is the two cardinal constructs within, self-organisation and division of labor. Some illustrations of swarm-inspired algorithms and surveies are Particle Swarm Optimization ( PSO ) , ant settlement, bee settlement, flock of birds and more [ 19 ] . The Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm The Artificial Bee Colony ( ABC ) algorithm is a nature-inspired optimisation algorithm defined by Dervis Karaboga in 2005 [ 2 ] . Based on the scrounging behavior of bees, the purpose of the algorithm is to happen nutrient beginnings with high nectar sums and finally take the 1 with the highest sum. In the ABC algorithm, bees are grouped into employed bees, looker-on bees and lookout bees. The employed bees are the 1 that exploit and keep the information of a peculiar nutrient beginning. The information on a specific nutrient beginning is so shared by each employed bees to the looker-on bees through a shake dance. Then, nutrient choice is done by the looker-on bees. These bees determine the quality of the nutrient beginnings and acquire to take the best nutrient beginning. When a nutrient beginning of an employed bee has been abandoned, this bee becomes a lookout bee. Scout bees are responsible for researching and seeking possible nutrient beginnings around the country. The Waggle Dance Bees need to pass on with other bees in order for them to happen and garner nutrient indispensable for the endurance of their settlement. One of the most interesting and challenging mechanisms of discoursing around the carnal land peculiarly Apis melliferas is dancing. Information on a certain nutrient beginning off from their hive is passed on to other bees through a shake dance. A shake dance is performed by a lookout bee informing his hive mates the exact way and distance to the nutrient beginning. During the shake dance, the bee performs an eight-figure form dance where it foremost walks in a consecutive line while waggling his tail back and Forth. Then looping is done in jumping waies and travels the consecutive line over and over once more capable to the way and the distance being relayed. Walking in the consecutive line indicates the way and figure of shakes refers to the distance of the nutrient beginning [ 16 ] [ 17 ] . Taken from [ 16 ] Figure.12: The shake dance The Algorithm The chief stairss of the ABC algorithm from [ 19 ] consisting of the employed bees, the looker-on bees and the lookout bees is given below. Figure.13: Main stairss of ABC Pseudocode of ABC The elaborate pseudocode of the ABC algorithm shown in [ 20 ] is given below: Initialize the population of solutions Xi Measure the population cycle=1 Repeat Produce new solutions ( nutrient beginning places ) Vi in the vicinity of Xi for the employed bees. Apply Greedy Selection Calculate the chance values Pi for the solutions Xi by agencies of their fittingness values utilizing the equation Normalize Pi values into [ 0,1 ] Produce the new solutions ( new places ) Vi for the looker-ons from the solutions Xi, Apply Greedy Selection Process for the looker-ons between Xi and Vi Determine abandoned Solutions, and replace it with new randomly produced solutions Xi for the lookout Memorize the best nutrient beginning place achieved so far rhythm = cycle+1 UNTIL ( rhythm = Maximum Cycle Number ) Initially, random executable solutions ( nutrient beginnings ) are generated and evaluated. Then, the employed bees will seek for new solutions in the vicinity out of the current solutions and the greedy choice is applied. The choice of much fitter solutions is done by the looker-on bees and is dependent on the fittingness value. The nutrient beginnings that do non better after a series of loop are abandoned and the bee associated to it eventually becomes a lookout. The lookout will seek for a new nutrient beginning once more. The whole procedure continues until the expiration standard is satisfied. Neighbourhood Search Neighbourhood searching is the procedure of bring forthing better solutions from the current executable solutions. A new solution is generated utilizing the equation below: ( 1 ) where XA ­ij is the value of cell in solution XA ­i ( current solution ) which is indiscriminately picked, XA ­kj is the value of cell J in XA ­k, a random solution non equal to XA ­i, O is a random value in the scope of [ 0, 1 ] . Greedy Selection The greedy choice is responsible of doing and taking the optimum solution at each phase of the procedure. Fitness Function A fittingness map determines the quality of a nutrient beginning ( solution ) . The higher the fitness value of the equation below, the better the solution is. ( 2 ) where is the cost map Probability Function The chance map determines the chance that a peculiar nutrient beginning will be preferred by looker-on bees. The chance value is calculated utilizing the expression below: ( 3 ) where I is the current nutrient beginning and Sn is the entire figure of nutrient beginnings. Literature Review In the paper â€Å" An Improved Genetic Algorithm for the Packing of Rectangles † by Ming Le Stefan Jakobs [ 22 ] in his paper entitled â€Å" On familial algorithms for the wadding of polygons † implemented a intercrossed attack to familial algorithm. Jakobs used the bottom-left-condition to cut down the figure of possible wadding forms. The initial population is composed of width-sorted sequence of agreements based on the bottom-left regulation. A rectangular piece is moved get downing from the upper right corner of the country and moving every bit far as to the bottom so allotment is done every bit far as to the left corner of the bounding rectangle. This construct of a intercrossed familial algorithm was besides used in wadding of polygons job. Chen Zhao, et al [ 23 ] introduced the construct of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization ( DPSO ) algorithm. In this method, a. For a elaborate treatment on the said method, see [ 23 ] . Statement of the Problem Packing jobs such as rectangle packing belongs to the category of NP-hard jobs since there is no easy manner to find the optimum solution for every instance. Finding the best manner of suiting a figure of rectangles into a larger rectangle is a clip devouring repeating undertaking and involves a really big solution infinite. The ABC algorithm, a new swarm-based methodological analysis, has been proven to be an efficient attack that solves optimisation jobs in assorted countries. Some research surveies besides show that ABC outperforms other optimisation techniques such as familial algorithm. In this survey, the ABC algorithm will be implemented to work out rectangle packing jobs. Therefore, this paper will prove the efficiency of the ABC algorithm in happening the best possible agreement of packing rectangles. Timeline The tabular array below shows the undertakings and their corresponding clip periods that I intend to set about to successfully finish this research. Undertaking No. Time Period Undertaking Description 1 Dec 13 – Dec 19, 2010 Research and reading of bing documents and published surveies sing rectangle wadding jobs and the ABC algorithm. Making of the first bill of exchange of the Thesis Proposal. 2 Dec 21, 2010 – Jan 04, 2011 Execution of the proposed algorithm. Making of the Proposed Approach portion of the thesis. 3 Jan 05, 2011 – Feb 2011 Testing and debugging. Experimentation stage. Making of the 10-page conference paper and 5-page URS paper. 4 Feb – Mar 2011 Finalizing of documents and other necessary demands 5 Mar 2011 Submission twenty-four hours

Estimate a Population Parameter

Estimation is a procedure by which a numerical value or values are assigned to a population parameter based on the information collected from a sample. The assignment of value(s) to a population parameter based on a value of the corresponding sample statistic is called estimation. In inferential statistics, _ is called the true population mean and p is called the true population proportion. There are many other population parameters, such as the median, mode, variance, and standard deviation.The following are a few examples of estimation: an auto company may want to estimate the mean fuel consumption for a particular model of a car; a manager may want to estimate the average time taken by new employees to learn a job; the U. S. Census Bureau may want to find the mean housing expenditure per month incurred by households; and the AWAH (Association of Wives of Alcoholic Husbands) may want to find the proportion (or percentage) of all husbands who are alcoholic.The examples about estimat ing the mean fuel consumption, estimating the average time taken to learn a job by new employees, and estimating the mean housing expenditure per month incurred by households are illustrations of estimating the true population mean. The example about estimating the proportion (or percentage) of all husbands who are alcoholic is an illustration of estimating the true population proportion, p.This article explains how to assign values to population parameters based on the values of sample statistics. For example, to estimate the mean time taken to learn a certain job by new employees, the manager will take a sample of new employees and record the time taken by each of these employees to learn the job. Using this information, he or she will calculate the sample mean, then, based on the value of he or she will assign certain values to _.As another example, to estimate the mean housing expenditure per month incurred by all households in the United States, the Census Bureau will take a sa mple of certain households, collect the information on the housing expenditure that each of these households incurs per month, and compute the value of the sample mean, Based on this value of the bureau will then assign values to the population mean, _. The sample statistic used to estimate a population parameter is called an estimator.The estimation procedure involves the following steps. 1. Select a sample. 2. Collect the required information from the members of the sample. 3. Calculate the value of the sample statistic. 4. Assign value(s) to the corresponding population parameter. Remember, the procedures to be mentioned above assume that the sample taken is a simple random sample. If the sample is not a simple random sample, then the procedures to be used to estimate a population mean or proportion become more complex. Estimate a Population Parameter Estimation is a procedure by which a numerical value or values are assigned to a population parameter based on the information collected from a sample. The assignment of value(s) to a population parameter based on a value of the corresponding sample statistic is called estimation. In inferential statistics, _ is called the true population mean and p is called the true population proportion. There are many other population parameters, such as the median, mode, variance, and standard deviation.The following are a few examples of estimation: an auto company may want to estimate the mean fuel consumption for a particular model of a car; a manager may want to estimate the average time taken by new employees to learn a job; the U. S. Census Bureau may want to find the mean housing expenditure per month incurred by households; and the AWAH (Association of Wives of Alcoholic Husbands) may want to find the proportion (or percentage) of all husbands who are alcoholic.The examples about estimat ing the mean fuel consumption, estimating the average time taken to learn a job by new employees, and estimating the mean housing expenditure per month incurred by households are illustrations of estimating the true population mean. The example about estimating the proportion (or percentage) of all husbands who are alcoholic is an illustration of estimating the true population proportion, p.This article explains how to assign values to population parameters based on the values of sample statistics. For example, to estimate the mean time taken to learn a certain job by new employees, the manager will take a sample of new employees and record the time taken by each of these employees to learn the job. Using this information, he or she will calculate the sample mean, then, based on the value of he or she will assign certain values to _.As another example, to estimate the mean housing expenditure per month incurred by all households in the United States, the Census Bureau will take a sa mple of certain households, collect the information on the housing expenditure that each of these households incurs per month, and compute the value of the sample mean, Based on this value of the bureau will then assign values to the population mean, _. The sample statistic used to estimate a population parameter is called an estimator.The estimation procedure involves the following steps. 1. Select a sample. 2. Collect the required information from the members of the sample. 3. Calculate the value of the sample statistic. 4. Assign value(s) to the corresponding population parameter. Remember, the procedures to be mentioned above assume that the sample taken is a simple random sample. If the sample is not a simple random sample, then the procedures to be used to estimate a population mean or proportion become more complex.

The differences between the business plan and lean canvas Essay

The differences between the business plan and lean canvas - Essay Example The lean canvas application, on the other hand, is a simple problem and solution approach that enables the entrepreneur to develop or advance on a step-by-step basis. Although both offer analytical approaches that are vital to the prosperity and success of the business, both have varied criticisms. The business plan fails to take into account the business model management and performance measurement both of which are vital in allowing the continued business success. On the other hand, the lean canvas fails to offer an expected approach in a situation where the solution that is given to the initial problem becomes difficult or unrealistic to attain on the ground. When and why an entrepreneur should use the business plan or lean canvas The lean canvas is a helpful tool that helps the entrepreneur's design businesses. It is an ideal tool since it enables the entrepreneur to define quickly a business without necessarily having to outline a full business plan. The lean canvas utilizes a o ne-page business model that facilitates and helps the early stage startup that will enable the entrepreneur to identify quickly and overcome challenges. It identifies a target market, defines a unique business value proposition, tests the assumptions put forward by the entrepreneur and ultimately arrives at their first iteration. The lean canvas is vital in helping the entrepreneurs to gain clarity about their business ideas that will translate into an approach that is well defined to their markets and potential end users and investors.

Dubliners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Dubliners - Essay Example Despite differences in all these stories, the reader finds that at a particular point all these stories are interlinked, though the link is never sequential. Each of these stories deals with lives of common people, their expectation from life, relations, and their dissatisfaction. In each of the stories, the author has dealt with different themes of life and conjointly Dubliners represent a complete cosmos of he contemporary life in Ireland. The themes of paralysis, entrapments and isolation have recurred in all these stories. Joyce, with the purpose of portraying the true picture of human lives and their plight, has focused over intricate details of the life of an individual as well as provided accurate details of the psychological condition of an individual. Equal focus over both these aspects provides a reader a sense of completion as he goes through the stories. Themes of paralysis, entrapments and isolation that Joyce has reflected through the characters and stories of Dubliners , is common in the lives of every individual, living in this society. While reading Dubliners, a reader identifies himself with the characters. At the same time he identifies his plight with plight of the character, living in a modern society. Henceforth, appeal of such themes become universal and this sense of universality is reflected in the best manner through the three stories that are main subjects of discussion in this thesis. If one attempts to find any kind of sequential connection among the stores of Dubliners that would be a futile attempt. Even from the perspective of aesthetic appeal these stories are quite different but in one sense all these stories are waved together that they deal with life of the capital of Ireland, Dublin. Joyce, through these stories, unveils various emotional perspectives of common residents of this city. These stories were written at such a point of time when Irish nationalism reached it point of culmination. A

How Pathos is Used in Advertizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Pathos is Used in Advertizing - Essay Example Pathos are good at intriguing feelings and can play on factors such as fear, sadness, joy, humor and desires among others. One way to evaluate whether an advertisement put forth and one which uses pathos is effective is to establish whether t evokes a strong emotion for what it is intended. If it fails to, then the campaign itself may be a failure. The art, pictures, language, voice, pitch and words used, whether visible, audible or both help elicit a desired emotion and convince the customer to make a buying decision in favor of it. The existence of internet technologies today makes it possible for Mc Donald’s to diversify their marketing strategy to various individuals across the world. While certain videos may be expensive to air through the TV broadcasting system internet space is explored to appeal the consumer’s desire for the food products from the chain. On YouTube, the Mc Donald’s advertisement of a smoky Texan burger leaves the consumer in a great desire to taste it. It first shows two men seated on a cab, one leaning while the other one stretches on the bonnet and leans back on the windscreen; what is interesting here is how they seem to enjoy the Texan burger, taking one bite after another. One of the men describes its contents and size as a â€Å"big ol’ angus beef patty, big squeeze of smoky BBQ sauce and big bacon† and moves on to squeeze the full burger, which makes the sauce content to spill slowly on the sides (McDonald’s Australia). Just the content of the burger, how the two men are enjoying themselves and squeezing of the burger induces a feeling of the taste, which leaves the person watching with ad salivating and would desire to have it. As if not enough the advert uses an aspect of urgency which is common in pathos. It states, â€Å"Try a smoky Texan before it makes tracks† and by the end of the 14 seconds, the advert leaves an impact such that it influences consumer’s buying decision

Personal Application of Argyris and Schons Theories of Action Statement

Application of Argyris and Schons Theories of Action - Personal Statement Example Top performers were given cash incentives and were automatically in the running for any supervisory post that would be made available. This resulted in a hyper-competitive environment where it was hard to make true friends because everyone was so focused on the work. One major conflict that stood out for me was when I received a citation from top management for closing the most number of cases during the 1st quarter of the year.. My manager advised me that they were planning on making me the new supervisor for a new division they were establishing, largely in part to my consistent performance. This development resulted in a completely unexplainable weirdness between myself and my teammates. I knew that they were vying for the same post, but I was aghast that some seemed extremely bitter. I could not comprehend why they won't just be happy for me. We were all putting in the same hours, and they knew that I was really putting a lot into my work. They were working their shifts and meeting their targets, but they weren't willing to make that extra push needed to make you the best .If they met the goal of twenty cases a day, I would strive for thirty. That's the attitude I brought, and at the time I could not understand why they took it against me. A nd to think these are the people I had dubbed "my friends from work", the people you have lunch with and share a drink with after hours. Looking back, Looking back, it seems that my former peers had a convoluted sense of entitlement going on for them. Most of them had been in the business far longer than I had, and some were highly regarded financial professionals pirated from other banks. As I reflect on what had happened, it was apparent that their unstated feeling of superiority against me was emanating from the fact that they considered themselves senior to me. In terms of office dynamics, my promotion ahead of them terribly undermined the quality of their output, and did not bode too well for their ego. To have a young upstart such as myself grab the position that they were all angling for probably was too much for them to handle, and in turn they took it out on me. Some even stopped talking to me altogether, which I thought was completely unprofessional. Looking back at our reading, I would have taken more time to consider the governing variables which prevailed at my office at the time. Putting seniority, ego, and career advancement into consideration, everyone was content and "happy". These variables were within acceptable bounds as their egos were not being disparaged. The crucial action that triggered the imbalance was my promotion. And in order to retain some sort of face-saving control within their "realm" , their action strategy was to give me the cold shoulder and make my office life as uncomfortable as it could possibly be. Leveraging off my experience, I learned that in an office setting you simply can't expect people to be happy for you when you get promoted ahead of them. They all have their own hopes, dreams, and motivations, and you cannot expect them to be happy when you achieve something that they had also set their eyes on. Taking these into consideration, a good action strategy would be first to keep office relationships completely professional, with thorough boundaries set. The less personal your interaction is, the easier it would be if you get promoted

Healthy diet Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthy diet - Article Example The article advice that we should insist on taking whole grains by checking on such labels put on the ingredients of our food products. This is a healthy way to eat because a whole grain gives the body enough fiber, which is good for digestion purposes (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2012). It is also imperative that we increase our intake of fruits and vegetables in order to maintain a healthy diet. These fruits and vegetables are a good source of vitamins and carbohydrates respectively, nutrients that are essential for the normal functioning of the body. Some of the recommended fruits and vegetables include beans, which come in different kinds, such as chickpeas, kidney beans, and black beans because of their high quantity in fiber and starch as compared to other vegetables. Another recommendation of fruits in our diets includes bananas, oats, and berries added to cereals as desserts. This also incorporates piling many vegetables on every sandwich that one takes, as well as, having at least two vegetables at dinnertime. These vegetables work well in both refining the digestive system by inclusion of fiber in the diet, in addition to providing the body with the required nutrients for energy, building, and protection. This diet enables an individual to maintain a healt hy living (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2012). Another precaution to take while observing a diet is the content of sugar intake into our bodies. Too many sugars in the body are risky, as they may cause a rise in blood sugar, hence result in complications such as blood pressure and diabetes. As such, a keen watch on the level of sugar intake is paramount in our dietary consumptions, such as a reduction to a 12-oz bottle of soft drink from a 20-oz one, or substituting such a drink altogether with low-fat milk or a glass of water. It is also advisable to watch the amount of sugar used while baking, with the recommended levels being one-quarter glass less of sugar. Instead of a candy bar,

You choose it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

You choose it - Essay Example The large cornfields in the valley areas can no longer support the ever increasing population of America without having to be mechanized. This will also require the use of modern technology like genetically engineered seeds and use of fertilizer and herbicides. The documentary also shed more light how the method of manufacturing has changed from the dependence on primary raw material to recycling of used products. The same is also true of the migration from the use of transistors and capacitors to very small microchips (Kwon, 2012). The power grid can no longer be controlled manually, most of it is now computerized from the steam turbines, nuclear power and hydropower. The road, railway, sea and air transportation network ensures that finished products can reach the desired destination with ease and faster (Artkinson, 2012). This require individuals who plan to work in this dynamic system to be equipped with the best knowledge to help meet the demands of such economies. This explains the recent emergence of many technological research institutions as well as university research across the country. Many universities now offer very specialized courses that enables the labor force to be equipped with knowledge that can work with the automated manufacturing and engineering process. However much an economy can automate its production process, there will still rise a need to train personnel to work with the system. Automation according to Yul Kwon, is the next step towards competition in the global sector as it minimizes production cost. The other sector that can still employ labor that will be displaced from employment due to process automation can always be absorbed in the service industry and primary sectors. While everything portrayed in the documentary is true, Yul Kwon does not get the views of many other farmers who are now starting to move

Canterbury tale and medieval art Essay Example for Free

Canterbury tale and medieval art Essay Tale and Art in middle Ages The Middle Ages have been regarded as extending approximately from the end of fifth century AD to 1600s. The Middle Ages were a society significantly more civilized and developed than previous times. Some sections of Italian society had begun to mimic the art and philosophy of ancient Greece, but commonly in Italy and Europe, generally no all-pervading change had occurred. The Canterbury Tale is a story written by Geoffrey Chauser in Middle English. It is the story of a group of thirty people who are all from different occupation. They told each other stories to kill time when traveling to Canterbury. In the Canterbury Tale, an illustration of the Medieval Christian church is presented. When talking about the church, it cant be considered separately. The church has to always be related to social, economic and political context of that period because people in that society gather in groups, make religious and church. Moreover those people create these tales of a pilgrimage of Canterbury. One of the stories in the Canterbury Tale, The Pardoners Tale, is the story of churchs corruption. The story was made to parody the Western Schism, churchs greed. At the time when the tale was written, the church was corrupted by spread of the unrestricted sale of indulgences by pardoners. Popes sold the indulgences, which were suppose to forgive peoples sins. The Pardoner, the main character in the Pardoners Tale preaches to villagers about sin and collects money. When telling the story, the Pardoner gives an example f three rioters who commit sins and show what happened because of them committing sins. He uses this story to emphasize morals to the audience, however, it is ironic that even if the Pardoner is kind of a bishop who gives sermons to the villagers, he is as corrupted as the rioters. His purpose is to gather money from the villagers, not to correct the sins. Chaucer used a certain character like Pardoner in the Pardoners Tale, to represent one of the many popes who were ruined by greed. I chose this art piece depicting Chaucers Pardoners tale. It is a carved wooden anel made of Elmwood with scenes from the story. It is describing the part when the three rioters found gold. They planned how to divide it but their greed to get it all themselves caused their downfall. The left-hand panel shows a man buying wine and putting poison in it to kill the other rioters, so that he could take all the gold. In the central panel, the other two attack the man who comes with the wine, and stab him to death. In the right hand panel the murderous pair sit down and drink the poisoned wine. Eventually, their greed leads all of them to their death. This art work describes the story so precisely that people who lived in that era, who were illiterate, could have been able to understood what Chaucer wanted to say, and fgure out what was wrong about church by looking at the art works. After they get aware of the churchs corruption and popes they were into, by learning through the story from the artworks, people might have tried to find solution for the corrupted situation. In this way, it can be said that artwork might have succeed in giving people in that period, a new perspective tor what they were believing at.

Creation and Innovation in Entrepreneurial Venture

Creation and Innovation in Entrepreneurial Venture Introduction In relation to the Inspiring Futures project, entrepreneurship is about creative or innovative thinking and taking appropriate action that can enhance such innovative thoughts. However, prior to taking such an action, there is a need for a plan to ensure that an entrepreneurial idea transforms, for instance, into a viable and successful project or business ventures (Watson, 2013). In this sense, an effective and efficient implementation of a project or business venture entails the consideration of a number of factors. Among such factors, are, for example, acquiring necessary skills needed for the project or business venture and developing an understanding of the key stakeholders in the project (Ives, 2005). Additional factors that may need consideration in the successful implementation of the Inspiring Futures Project include the need to work with a good management team (Cleland Gareis, 2006). To this end, this essay focuses on project management and teamwork and how learning from t hese two topics has been used in the Inspiring Futures Project that I did. Project and stakeholder management In any given project, there is a need for the project managers to establish a proper plan that can lead to the successful completion of the project. In this regard, some of the success factors that project managers need to embrace include: effective communication processes, emphasis the projects mission, develop schedules and plans, setting objectives, ensuring stakeholder satisfaction and ensuring they have support from the top management respectively (Davis, 2014). On the same note, in any given project, stakeholder management is critical for successful completion. In this sense, it is important for the project manager to focus on engaging the right people to ensure the project is not hampered as a result of conflicting interests between the management and key stakeholders of the project (Muller Turner, 2007). On another note, when undertaking a given project, it is important for the project manager to possess certain skills necessary to achieve success with the project at hand (Kerzner, 2004). Such skills may involve, for example, communication, leadership, team management, negotiation, personal organisation and risk management respectively (Mir Pinnington, 2014). Leadership, on the other hand, is a necessity to ensure project managers are better placed to not only lead other workers at the project site, but also manage them in an effective and efficient manner (Turner Muller, 2005). With regard to team management, it is important for project managers to focus their attention on promoting teamwork as a strategy to ensure operations at the project site are not hampered (David, 2005). As such, it is important for the project managers to develop a working environment where teamwork is emphasised rather than individualism that may derail the completion of various projects on time (Aaltonen Kujala, 2016). As observed by Aaltonen and Kujala ( 2016), traditional project management denotes a focus on project requirements that are identified in the initial stage of the project. Subsequently, these requirements are then divided into manageable tasks. At this point the project managers are expected to develop a detailed plan for each task as a strategy to ensure the project goals are achieved in an efficient manner and risks related to the project kept lower. However, this view of project transformation has contributed to project failures in different sectors. As such, Aaltonen and Kujala (2016) reiterate the need to shift to agile project management techniques where project requirements are expected to emerge and drive the project rather than using the project plan, which in most cases may lead to pre-misunderstood outcomes. To this end, value needs to be achieved by project end rather than a focus on defining them at the beginning of the project. Teamwork, managing people and the working environment In order for entrepreneurs to succeed in their business ventures, they need to work with an effective and efficient management team. In essence, some of the benefits associated with teamwork include enhancing creativity and learning. When people work together, they share a wide range of ideas that often contributes to the best alternative action. Further, teamwork also helps employees to improve and blend their talents in a complementary manner. Teamwork also contributes to workers trusting one another, which in turn, contributes to a collaborative process between the top management and subordinates respectively (Kerzner, 2013). Further, teamwork contributes to the development of conflict resolution skills, which are necessary to ensure the progress of a business venture or project not deterred as a result of conflicts. Through an emphasis on teamwork, employees often develop a sense of ownership because the top management recognises their contributions. Teamwork further contributes to healthy risk taking as it encourages members to think beyond in terms of exploring ideas and implementing them with the hope that they can contribute to positive results with the intended goals of the business or project at hand (Meredith Mantel, 2012). On another note, compared to starting a business as a sole entrepreneur, a start-up that involves partnership more than often is better placed to succeed in the marketplace. This is because; they are likely to share their skills and resources to survive in the marketplace. Conversely, a solo entrepreneur may face numerous challenges trying to survive in todays competitive and constantly changing marketplace. According to Ives (2005), a focus on teamwork theory can play a role in developing an efficient and effective team to achieve the intended goals of the project. In this regard, it is important for the project managers to be conversant with the stages of group development. On the other end of the spectrum, teamwork can encourage groupthink, which may lead to half-baked decisions due to greater emphasis on a collaborative process within the group. In this sense, while entrepreneurs shift their focus on teamwork, there is still a need to ensure that individual views are not overlook ed as a way to strengthen group cohesion (Park, 1990). With regard to managing people, there are various leadership styles that entrepreneurs can embrace to not only enhance employee involvement but also achieve success with their intended goals (Eskerod, Hueamann Savage, 2015). For instance, a leadership style considered to reinforce teamwork is transformational leadership. This leadership style denotes the leader working with his or her followers to achieve the intended goals of the business. The working environment, on the other hand, needs to be conducive in terms of encouraging employee involvement rather than demoralise employees, who may in turn, exhibit poor performance, and in extreme cases, leave for better opportunities elsewhere (Maak Pless, 2006). Using the learning in the Inspiring Futures Project I did The Inspiring Futures Project I did involved how to improve social media platforms for Clever Students Lets. Implementing a project is a challenging process, and understanding the skills necessary to achieve a successful project completion is important. As such, the learning from the topic of project and stakeholder management played a role in ensuring that needs assessment is conducted prior to deciding on the best alternative for improving the social media platforms for Clever Students Lets. In order to understand the presenting needs related to the use of social media platforms for Clever Students Lets we used questionnaires to obtain primary data from participants. Conversely, we obtained secondary data from related literature on how to improve social media platforms for a service such as Clever Students Lets. As a result, the needs assessment we conducted relied on both primary and secondary data that ensured we selected the most suitable alternative to improve the social media platforms for Clever Students Lets (Aaltonen Kujala, 2016). The learning on managing people, on the other hand, and with regard to the Futures Project assisted in the sense that we were better placed to learn about effective leadership and its importance in completing the successful completion of the project (Turner Muller, 2005). Factors we considered, and informed by the learning from the topic of managing people involved understanding our strengths and weaknesses to ensure the decisions we made regarding the project involved a collaborative process. Some of the skills we embraced included, for instance, accommodating the views of each member in terms of deciding on the most suitable course of action to improve social media platforms for Clever Students Lets (Project Management Institute, 2013). Further, through an understanding of the skills associated with the planning and implementation of a given project derived from the two topics, the group and I were better placed to consider all the success factors that would ensure the Clever Stud ents Lets become a success. Some of the success factors that we considered for the Inspiring Futures Project included: proper planning and teamwork, effective management of the presenting risks, and successful project completion (Matta Ashkenas, 2003). With regard to the best improvement for the social media platforms used by Clever Students Lets, an emphasis on teamwork as informed from the learning was necessary to brainstorm the most suitable action to take. Such a focus contributed to the collaborative decision to settle on snapshot account as ideal for Clever Students Lets. The process involved weighing a number of options by relying of the contribution of each member in the group on the benefits and risks of the available course of action that would improve the social media platforms for Clever Student Lets. Conversely, in ensuring that the project succeeded, the group also focused attention on embracing effective leadership with participants involved in the project. For instance, to encourage the active participation from group members we emphasised a hands on approach where we worked closely with each other to ensure the project becomes a success in terms of improving the social media platforms used by Clever Students Lets (Northouse, 2004). Further, in order to create a positive work environment, the group deliberated on trusting one another, set achievable goals for the project, carried out regular meetings and shared information and knowledge respectively (Whetten Cameron, 2011). Conclusion The success of an entrepreneurial venture entails focus on creative or innovation thoughts to ensure the initiatives or plans that entrepreneurs introduce in the marketplace become a success. In essence, implementing such creative thoughts is largely dependent on a number of factors that have an influence on the business or project progress. For example, effective and efficient management of a project depends largely on the skills and experience of the project manager. In this sense, the skills and experience of the project manager often influences the success factors they embrace for various projects. References Aaltonen, K., Kujala, J., 2016. Towards an improved understanding of project stakeholder landscapes. Journal of Project Management, 34(8), p. 1537-1552. Cleland, D.,ÂÂ   Gareis, R. ,2006. Global project management handbook (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Print. David, F., 2005. Strategic management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Publishing. Davis, K., 2014. Different stakeholder groups and their perceptions of project success. International Journal of Project Management, 32, p.189-201. Eskerod, P., Huemann, M., Savage, G., 2015.Project stakeholder management: Past and Present. Project Management Journal, 46(6), p. 6-14. Ives, M., 2005. Identifying the contextual elements of project management within organizations and their impact on project success. Project Management Journal, 36(1), p. 37-50. Kerzner, H., 2004. Advanced project management: Best practices on implementation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kerzner, H.,2013. Project Management: A Systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling (11th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Maak, T. Pless, N.M., 2006. Responsible leadership: A relational approach. In Maak, T. Pless, N.M. (Eds.), Responsible leadership. New York, NY: Routledge. Matta, N. F., Ashkenas, R. N.,2003. Why good projects fail anyway. Harvard Business Review, 81(9), p.109-114. Meredith, J. R., Mantel, S. J., 2012. Project management: A managerial approach (8th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Mir, F.A., Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: Linking Project Management Performance and Project Success, International Journal of Project Management, 32, p. 202-217. Muller, R., Turner, R., 2007.The influence of project managers on project success criteria and project success by type of project. European Management Journal, 25 (4), p. 298-309. Muller, R., Turner, R., 2010.Leadership competency profiles of successful project managers. International Journal Project Management, 28, p. 437-448. Northouse, P. G. ,2004. Leadership: Theory and practice (3rd edn.). London, UK: Sage Publications. Park, W., 1990.A review of research on groupthink. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 3, p. 229-245. Project Management Institute, 2013. A Guide to the project management body of knowledge(5th ed.). Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Turner, J.R., Muller, R., 2005.The project managers leadership style as a success factor on projects: A review.Project Management Journal, 36 (2), p.49-61. Watson, T.J., 2013.Entrepreneurship in action: Bringing together the individual, organizational and institutional dimensions of entrepreneurial action. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 25(5), p. 404-422. Whetten, D. A. Cameron, K. S., 2011. Developing management skills. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall/Pearson.

Equality is at the heart of inclusive teaching practice in education

Equality is at the heart of inclusive teaching practice in education Differences in educational opportunities for children depend not only on their individual cultural, economical, health or disability circumstances, but also on where they live and the ways in which educational systems are structured, regulated and supportedRegardless of these differences, there is widespread acknowledgment that teachers play a crucial role in providing quality education. (Florian Rouse, 2009, p.594) Given that inclusion is a key priority within Scottish education, this essay will critically discuss the concept of an inclusive school and its implications for teachers. There are many factors which can create a barrier to participation or hinder a childs learning, however for the purpose of this essay, the focus for discussion will be narrowed down to consider: a Curriculum for Excellence (CfE), teaching and assessment methods, additional support needs (ASN) and child poverty. These issues have been carefully selected with consideration to current educational issues and policies in Scotland, placement experience and with genuine interest to these issues and the implications they may have for teachers and their implementation of inclusive teaching practice. Furthermore, CfE, teaching and assessment methods, ASN and child poverty are issues that all teachers working in Scotland will have to consider during their career with regards to inclusion and whilst working as part of an inclus ive school. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Education state that an inclusive establishment is one in which the rationale for inclusion is clear to all members of the community and where inclusion is encouraged in practice (HMIE, 2008, Inclusion reference manual). Inclusion is an important issue in Scottish education, however inclusive practice has not been entirely embraced and implemented throughout the country. This may be due to a difference in opinions, uncertainty and misunderstandings as to what inclusion actually is and who inclusion is for (Allan 2008a), which would therefore present difficulties for teachers practicing within HMIEs definition of an inclusive school and their implementation of inclusive teaching practice. Newly qualified teachers may have a different understanding of inclusive teaching practice than the more experienced teachers, thus possibly causing further uncertainty, frustration and/or self doubt. As before mentioned, teachers play a crucial role in providing quality education (Florian Rouse, 2009, p.594). If teachers are at the forefront of providing inclusive education, then it is a concern that so many teachers have different views and opinions towards inclusion. Studies have shown that newly qualified teachers are more optimistic and have a more positive attitude towards inclusion than their more experienced colleagues, who are said to have a more realistic view on inclusion. It was noted that after the probationary year, teachers have a far less positive view, and are much less enthusiastic about inclusion (Seith, 2008). An insight into a possible reason for a lack of enthusiasm towards inclusion is suggested by Allan (2008b). Many teachers have concerns and self doubts about their ability to include, without clear guidance from policy or legislation on how to implement inclusive teaching practice. Many teachers feel that it is difficult to perform to high expectations w ith regards to inclusion, when they receive limited support and resources (Allan, 2008b). Limited support is a concern for teachers who are trying to practice inclusion within an inclusive school as a lack of support, guidance and/or resources may have an effect on the teachers ability to include all children depending on their individual circumstances. Articles 28 and 29 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) state that education should nurture and develop the talents and abilities of each child to their fullest potential and serve to prepare children for living happily in a liberal society (UNCRC, 1989). These values could be said to be reflected in the purpose of CfE, its principles and the four capacities: successful learners, responsible citizens, confident individuals and effective contributors. CfE is for all children aged between 3-18 and aims to ensure that all children and young people in Scotland, regardless of their individual circumstances are provided with opportunities to develop the skills, knowledge and qualities required for life long learning (Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2010, the purpose of the curriculum). Equality is at the heart of CfE with the four capacities being achievable for all children and therefore providing the opportunity for more children to participate and achieve in all areas of the curriculum. Therefore an inclusive school is one where CfE is fully embraced by all, and where teachers are supported with their implementation of CfE through opportunities for continuing their professional development throughout their careers. In order for a Curriculum for Excellence to be a success, it is important that individual teachers are committed to developing their own skills and teaching practice and keeping up to date with new approaches to teaching and learning (Curriculum for Excellence, 2006, implications). However recent research carried out by The Education Institute Scotland, has shown that many teachers have voiced their concerns over CfE. These concerns are with regards to there being an additional workload, a shortage of time for planning and the effective implementation of CfE with the lack of clear, specific instructions (EIS, 2010, Survey of Members). It could be argued however, that the broad and general experiences and outcomes of CfE are a positive feature of Scottish Education and are an important part of inclusion and inclusive practice within the school. If there were to be precise instruction as to how to implement CfE, it would surely contradict the values of CfE, and the autonomy and profess ional role of the teacher. With the implementation of CfE, teachers have the flexibility to apply appropriate assessment procedures and use their own professional judgment with regards to progression and responding to the individual needs of children (Reid, 2008). However, a possible concern for teachers, particularly newly qualified teachers and student teachers with regards to implementing CfE within the inclusive school, as with the term inclusion, is the range of mixed feelings and opinions towards CfE. Mixed feelings were clearly evident during placement experience, with some teachers speaking very positively towards CfE whilst others expressing less enthusiastic opinions. The views towards CfE were somewhat reflected in the teaching strategies of some teachers; this was noted during observation periods as well as during discussions with a range of teachers (newly qualified and experienced). A variety of teaching strategies were observed during placement, with teachers who expressed negative feelings towards CfE favouring a more direct teaching approach, in comparison to the teachers with positive views towards CfE who used a variety of teaching strategies such as collaborative and active learning, which were appropriate for the particular learning experience and in response to the interests and needs of the children. Appropriate teaching and assessment methods play an important role within an inclusive school with teaching approaches being inclusive and specifically tailored to meet the interests and needs of the individual children and where assessment methods are used, which further support the learning. CfE assesses progress and achievement through Assessment is for Learning (Aifl) where assessment approaches should promote learner engagement and ensure appropriate support so that all learners can achieve their aspirational goals and maximise their potential (Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2010, principles of assessment). Assessment therefore, requires teachers to make professional judgments about childrens learning, where sound evidence and professional integrity is at the heart of the decision making process. The most effective assessment approaches are ones which are fair to all involved: children, young people, parents and communities and which avoid any pre-conceptions and stereotypes (S cottish Government, 2010, a framework for assessment). A possible implication or concern however for teachers, with regards to the use of assessment which coincides with CfE, is that teachers may have varied opinions on what constitutes as a person being a successful learner, confident individual, responsible citizen or an effective contributor. Placement experience highlighted this concern further. Award ceremonies on alternate Thursdays, seen children receive rewards for showing that they had proven themselves to be either a successful learner, confident individual, responsible citizen or an effective contributor. It was noted that what each class teacher perceived as an achievement with regards to the four capacities, could be questionable depending on personal opinion. An inclusive school aims to respond to the interests, needs and abilities of the learner and as before mentioned, a positive aspect of CfE is the reinstatement of professional autonomy and the flexibility that teachers have when implementing teaching approaches which are tailored to the needs of individual children (Reid, 2008). However questions have been raised with regards to teachers being sufficiently educated and trained to work with children who require additional support for learning. Teachers in Scotland must be appropriately qualified in order to work with children who have visual and/or hearing impairments (The requirements for teachers (Scotland) regulations 2005). However teachers do not need additional qualifications to work with any other group of children with ASN (MacKay McLarty, 2008a). This may be of concern to teachers as well as parents, as most children will require additional support for learning at some point during their school careers, with many situations such as disability, being bullied, bereavement in the family, homelessness, being the child of an asylum seeker or being a bilingual learner, leading to a child or young person requiring additional support for their learning (MacKay McLarty, 2008b). Baroness Mary Warnock (2010, The Cynical betrayal of my special needs children) believes that without specialist knowledge, teachers may actually do more harm than good when teaching children with ASN, particularly those with more severe learning difficulties such as, severely dyslexic children. Another concern for parents and teachers is Baroness Mary Warnocks U turn in opinion towards mainstream education for all, since the Warnock report was published in 1978. Warnock now states that mainstream education for all, was never what she or the committee proposed in the first place. What the committee actually recommended was that the large number of children with moderate learning difficulties already in mainstream schools should be ident ified, and their needs provided for where they were (Warnock, 2010, The Cynical betrayal of my special needs children). A key educational policy in Scotland is the inclusion of all children in mainstream schools. An implication for teachers in mainstream schools, particularly student and newly qualified teachers is the ability to support children with ASN, particularly those who have more severe learning difficulties, such as autism or severe dyslexia. The concern not only lies in the ability to support children with such learning difficulties, but also with creating a suitable learning environment for all children within the classroom, when many of the children have varied learning needs. Many teachers are concerned about their ability to meet the needs of all children in the mainstream classroom, with the limited resources they have (Mittler 2000; Hanko 2005 cited in Allan, 2010). Limited resources may be a worry for teachers working within an inclusive school with concern also expressed by NASUWT Teachers Union, who say that it is vital for children and young people to be educated in appropriate se ttings for their individual needs and aspirations, with access to necessary resources. Mainstream schools cannot be expected to cater for pupils with special needs without adequate and appropriate staffing and resources (NASUWT, 2009). Current budget cuts across Scotland and throughout the UK are a cause for concern with regards to teachers having appropriate resources and specialist support staff. With a lack of necessary resources and support it could be argued that teachers will struggle to include all children within the inclusive school. According to Her Majestys Inspectorate of Education, An Inclusive Establishment is one in which there is effective working relationships with pupils, parents and other agencies who are committed to the health, wellbeing and education of children and young people (HMIE, 2008, Inclusion reference manual). It has been observed during a number of school placement experiences, that effective working relationships are vitally important in providing inclusive practice. However, it was also noted during placement experience that effective working relationships are not always possible, particularly those between teacher/school and the parents. It was witnessed during placement experience with a Primary 7 class of 32 pupils, which had no support in the form of classroom assistants or behavioural therapists that during most lessons, a large amount of the teachers time and attention was given to one child within the class who has behavioural issues. Although the teacher had implemented a number of effective behaviour management, teaching and assessment techniques, there was still a noticeable effect on the other children in the class, who for different reasons required the teachers support, but were unable to receive the support they needed, whether this was advice, help, encouragement or praise. The classroom teacher had no support from the childs parents, and senior management avoided taking action which involved suspension as the childs wellbeing whilst at home was also a concern. This left the teacher in a catch 22 situation, with trying to manage the childs behaviour as well as the safety of the child and the other child ren within the classroom. It was felt by the teacher that more support from parents, senior management and other agencies was needed. An inclusive school therefore, provides support for teachers with their inclusive practice and offers support for teachers to enable them to work effectively with children who have ASN. However, without vital support in the form of CPD, parental, senior staff support and support from other agencies such as specialist teachers, social services and behavioural therapists, it could be argued that many classroom teachers would struggle to implement inclusive practice in the classroom without such support. Another key aspect of educational debate in Scotland is children living in poverty and its effect on learning. The Scottish Government Statistical Publications recorded that 17.9% of all children (primary and secondary) in Scotland are entitled to receive a free school meal (School Meals in Scotland, 2010). These statistics are an indication of low family income and the number of school age children who are regarded as living in poverty. The Scottish executive stresses the importance of inclusion and equality in Scotland and states that all children must be given the best possible start in life, regardless of their family background (Scottish Government, 2004). An Inclusive school therefore, is aware of the differences in childrens backgrounds and take steps to ensure that discriminatory behaviour or bullying is prevented or eliminated. Many schools in Scotland use a swipe card system, which allows children to get their lunch without anyone knowing who is entitled to free school meals. It was noticed during placement experience that many primary school teachers have different methods of taking the lunch register and allocating dinner tickets to those children who are entitled to a free school meal. In the senior stages of the primary school, the children collected their own dinner tickets, meaning there was no need to broadcast to the class who required a free meal. This worked well in ensuring children who required dinner tickets were not singled out, as in the upper stages of the primary school the children are much more aware of such issues. School uniform policies are also a positive feature within the inclusive school as it ensures that all children are equal and that children cant compare what they have with one another, ensuring no child is singled out or is made to feel inadequate if they do not own the same type of branded clothes as their peers. Although there are many school policies which aim to ensure inclusion and equality within the school, it could be argued that some school trips contradict the purpose of policies that promote equality, such as the school uniform policy. It was observed during placement experience that 5 out of the 33 children in the class were not taking part in the school trip, because their parents could not afford to send them away for the week long trip with the school. These children were therefore excluded from the school trip as well as excluded from the class discussions about the trip that took place on numerous occasions on the lead up to the trip. In conclusion, whilst taking into account the areas selected for discussion, CfE, teaching and assessment strategies, ASN and Child poverty, an inclusive school is one in which equality is at the heart of the teaching and learning, where every child, regardless of their ability is provided with learning experiences suited to their needs and abilities. An inclusive school is not only about the children. Instead an inclusive school includes all children, school staff, parents and other agencies, who work together to ensure that barriers to learning are removed, teachers supported and parents and children included in the school decision making. As discussed, there are implications for teachers within an inclusive school who may face challenges to their inclusive teaching practice. Challenges include the effective inclusion of children with learning difficulties, with limited resources and/or specialist support staff, the implication of CfE and the use of appropriate teaching and assessment methods. Allan (2010c) states that inclusion will benefit when teachers realise that there isnt a magic answer to inclusion or any instruction manual for teachers to follow. Therefore, to conclude, an inclusive school isnt one that has all the answers to inclusion. Instead it is one where all members of staff are committed to providing inclusive practice and equal opportunities for all children and young people. An Inclusive School is always seeking to further develop its inclusive practice, where teachers have a willingness and enthusiasm towards improving their own teaching skills and methods. 2958 words

Shakespeares Macbeth - The Character Flaw :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Character Flaw of Macbeth Everyone who is mortal has at least one flaw. Some flaws are more serious than others. For example, some people have addictions to gambling, while other people can not remember to put milk away after they use it. After a while though, a person's flaws come back to haunt them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tragedy MacBeth is no exception to this rule. In it, many of the characters die. The reason is that they have a flaw that eventually leads to their downfall. Not every character is deserving of his fate though. Some characters have a minor flaw that should not lead to their death. Others, however, have a major flaw that eventually leads to their death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MacBeth kills the first Thane of Cawdor for trying to lead a revolution against England. His fatal flaw was that he was, according to Ross, "a disloyal traitor". The thane of Cawdor was greedy and wanted the throne of England for himself. As a result, he was murdered. His murder was not really disheartening, though, because the Thane of Cawdor deserved his fate. He was leading a battle in which many lost their lives for the sake of greed, and deserved to die because of his flaw. Duncan was the King of England, and was murdered by MacBeth. He was murdered because in order for MacBeth to fulfill his plan and become king, Duncan would have to die. Duncan's fatal flaw was that he was too trusting. For example, he thought that none of his friends could really be enemies. If Duncan was more careful about his safety at MacBeth's castle, he may have had a chance to survive. However, Duncan's flaw was not something so horrible that he should die beca use of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most people need to trust each other more, and just because one person did, he should not have to die for it. MacBeth's former best friend, Banquo, was also killed by MacBeth. Banquo was killed because he knew too much about the murder of Duncan. That was not his fatal flaw, though. Banquo's fatal flaw was that, although he knew that MacBeth killed Duncan, he really did not do anything about it.   Banquo had many opportunities to tell someone such as MacDuff

Wilson’s League of Nations and Its Legacy Essay -- United Nations Hist

Wilson’s League of Nations and Its Legacy As much of the world lay in shambles as the closing to the War to End All Wars approached, President Woodrow Wilson contemplated the global state of affairs. In his Fourteen Points, Wilson expresses his desire for â€Å"a just and stable peace† and outlines ways in which to accomplish it. One of his points—the fourteenth—suggests the creation of a group of nations with a common purpose. As his idea took root, it grew into the League of Nations. Despite good intentions, the League of Nations proved too weak to be effective at the outbreak of World War II. Even though the League itself failed, the legacy of its framework and missions live on in the current international system, most obviously in the United Nations. Stated in The Fourteen Points, Wilson’s idea of the purpose of the proposed â€Å"general association of nations† was to â€Å"afford mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.† Wilson was of the belief that the victory of democracy over absolute rule would result in the victory ...

Growing Up Hindu in America

I moved o a small town In 2004, and I was like most Americans as far as being Ignorant to the different religions that were worshipped. I was different In the fact that I was curious to meet new people and what they do. This is true even with my own step mother who is Catholic. When she joined the family she told me that she was not allowed in the church. I grew up in the Baptist church so I did not understand why this was. I sat down with her until I understood the situation. She said her goal was to become a member of the church again, and she did.So as I was moving some of my things n one day, a few houses from me was a tall man with a turban on his head, long white hair and beard, and some sort of robe for his clothes. My daughter was frightened and asked If we were living near Osama Bin Laden. I must admit that he held a striking resemblance, but quickly assured her that It was not him and that everybody has different beliefs. With all of the stories of the terrorists It was rea lly hard to shake my own doubts about what this gentleman true reasons for being here were. Shortly after this encounter, I met the man's son.He was a local entrepreneur that had been in the area for more than 30 years. He owned the small store that was within shouting distance from my house, so I found myself becoming friends with him. He was from India and studied the Hindu religion. He had four children with American wives, none of which he was still with. The more I learned about his culture, the more I wanted to learn. He was so proud of where he came from and so was his father. They both had amazing work ethics. His father is 86 years old and still works every day.He actually rides his bicycle to work at a local industrial plant. I had so many questions for how he raised his children. His hillier are raised by their American mothers and went to public schools. One of the daughters went to college here but quickly excelled, so he sent her to India to finish. They speak English, and also speak his native Punjabi language, but It Is broken. He was quick to tell me that he had to have a son and that is why he had Tour centers. I nerve Ana to De a son to Inherit ten Tamil Yes Delousing since en was the oldest because the daughters could not.This did not sit well with me, but he Just laughed. He said that is the way that it is in his culture. If he did not have a son, the items would go to his brothers. They are free to worship how they want. I then met my soon to be best friend and her family. She introduces me to her husband, and high school sweet heart. He is a short, with dark skin and dark hair and a southern accent. I whispered to her, â€Å"k, I give, where is he from? † She informs me that he is from Trinidad, but that his family is originally from India. So, I asked if he was related to the local store owner.She quickly stated that they were not and that their families do not always see eye to eye. I was shocked that this small town had this ma ny Indians in it. I came from a slightly larger town, and I had never personally met know anyone from India and now I know two whole families. I felt privileged at this point to be able to be this diverse. Well most of us always want to know how people met, and I fell into that trap. She explained that they met in High School. She was quick to explain that her parents did not approve and she was at times forbidden to see him.At one point her father even made her write a report on Trinidad and India Just to see how serious she was about dating him. She completed the task and her father was impressed with the report so much that he allowed the courtship. They eventually got married and have three children. He also has a sister and brother that have local families. His parents live within a few miles of all of them and so do several aunts, uncles and many cousins. The parents still speak with strong accents and practice their religious beliefs daily. The children were raised to be allo wed to practice whatever religion that they choose with their families.None of the children ever spoke the native language or practice the religion regularly. All three of them married Americans with Christian beliefs and that is what the study with their children. One day I was approached by the father and was invited to attend a Pupas at their home. Of course I had many questions about this. My friend begged me to go with her to this yearly ceremony. She said that it is a beautiful ceremony and you have to see it at least once in your life. She brought me a traditional Indian outfit to wear, that was absolutely beautiful.Needless to say my curiosity got the best of me, and I went. I first did a little research to see what I was attending, Just in case I had any questions. I learned that Hinduism is characterized by a belief in reincarnation by a belief in a supreme being of many forms and natures. That it is the world's oldest organized religion, existing for 4500 years. Based on the ancient Vivid Literature and is populated by and almost infinite number of Gods. Reincarnation and being held accountable for one's deeds (Karma) are fundamental components of Hinduism.It is the third largest category of religions. (â€Å"Hinduism for Schools†) The interesting thing about the religion is that they believe that there is a cycle to the lives we live. Since they believe in reincarnation, they believe that they only thing that follows us when we pass is our character. This cycle will continue over and over until we meet God. You start out at the lowest form and move up to human. So hen you hear people say they wish they could come back as a fly on the wall, which would be the opposite direction for the Hindu religion.Hindus believe that if you meditate really hard you will find God in your innermost self. They consider this Atman, and I have watched them Join hands and bow to each toner when teen greet Ana say, Names. So, I sake want Tanat meant. My Eternal' father told me that it meant that â€Å"There is God in you†. He explained to me that this is why they believe in Karma and that you should respect everyone and everything. Hindus believe that God lives in all of us and that if you hurt anyone, or yourself, that oh hurt God. (â€Å"Hinduism for Schools†) So as we attended this Pupas and I entered the makeshift temple.There was a priest standing by the shrine where the offerings were being made, even money. I was quickly instructed to take my shoes off. The worshipers were saying mantras, and at times the priest would chant. There were picture and statues of many different deities. The other family members were praying to these deities. I noticed that a lot of them were women. I recently learned from my text that there are more than 330 million deities in India. They said that they can choose any shape they would like to view God in. Some can choose to view God as a mother in heaven, or as a shape such as fire.The meal was blessed and there was no meat served that day. My friend's mother ended the evening with a Hindi song that she produced on CD. (Fisher, 2008, p. 72) After this exciting day that I got to experience how the Hindus worship, dress and eat, I really wanted to know how it was to do this on a daily basis. I asked my friend why he did not speak like his parents and even if he could speak their language or worship their religion. He told me that he could not. His parents chose not to teach their children the Hindu faith or the language.

Business Dining Etiquette Essay

Notes for PowerPoint slides Slide 3 Employers may want to see you in a more social situation to see how you conduct yourself, particularly if the job for which you are in requires a certain standard of conduct with clients and superiors. You could be critically scrutinized on your table manners and conduct. The meal is a time to visit and interact and this is always more important than the function of eating. Slide 4 Having a working knowledge of dining etiquette turns any employee into a poised marketing representative of the company. Whether you’re going to a business lunch with your peers, recruiters, clients or partners, you need to make sure you behave appropriately. Yet many business folk don’t know proper dining etiquette. I have put this handy guide together with tips gathered from the business etiquette experts all over the world to help make sure that someone doesn’t call you out at your next business meal. Does anyone have a business dining experience that they would like to share? Slide 5 Be on time, no one wants to be kept waiting. If it is an unavoidable delay, try to contact the person. Keep in mind that you never know when you will encounter heavy traffic, wrecks, construction of other delays Slide 6 Shake hands with all present at the table. If necessary, introduce yourself. Concentrate on remembering your host/hostess’ name. Remain standing until host sits. Host has moved his/her napkin. Sit up straight and don’t tip your chair back. Don’t ask the waiter to explain everything on the menu; you will annoy others and appear indecisive. Place your napkin on your lap after everyone is seated and after you. Lets practice this. I want everyone to stand up move away from your tables each person find a partner and practice meet and greeting each other at the table, remember to greet shake hands and introduce yourself. Wait until the host has seated then you may sit down. Each one of you does this and once you both have practiced you may all be seated. Slide 7- No notes Slide 8 A decade ago young executives were expected to bring table manners to the job with them. In today’s world of busy families, table manners are no longer practiced on a daily basis, making it necessary to teach the acceptable dining etiquette before sending them out to represent the company at a customer lunch of business dinner. There are definite rules of dining etiquette and having a working knowledge of them turns any executive or employee into a gracious host or guest and a poised marketing representative of the company. Slide 9 Order only from the lunch menu, and then, not the most expensive item! The expectations are the employer will pay for the meal; however you may offer. Do not order alcohol and do not order foods that are messy to eat or require you to hold the food with your hands. Order foods that are easy such as chicken, fish or salads. Avoid sloppy hard to eat foods like spaghetti or ribs. Now that you have watched the video are there some pretty obvious things that you seen that were inappropriate? Lets watch the second video on what should be expected during a lunch meeting. Do you all feel that you could be in a lunch meeting situation and act appropriately? Slide 10 With a pre-set mean the host/hostess has already made the selections and the individuals are served. If allergic, religious or vegetarian issues arise, quietly deal with these as the server is at your side. For vegetarian ask if you may have a vegetable plate; with allergies or religion, provide the server with options. Always eat a little of all items served to you that have been brought to you specific from the server in which you have asked for. You will follow the same rules as a pre-set meal the only difference is that you will have more options and you will be able to choose the food based on your preference usually there are a couple of options to choose from within a buffet Slide 11 Most receptions or social hours are for the purpose of mingling and making contacts whether for job leads, as part of an interview or an employee entertaining clients. When you enter the reception observe the layout of the room. Seeing the room layout gives you a clue on how to proceed at the reception. If no tables are available, you should only have a drink or your food in your hand- never both. You should be prepared to greet and shake hands with individuals. If having a drink hold it in your left hand to keep your right hand dry and ready to shake hands. If eating hold your plate on the right hand and eat with the left hand. When someone approaches, you are able to switch the plate to your left hand and your right hand is clean and ready to shake. If tables are available you may have your drink and food together. However, always be ready to stand and greet people. Networking and or mingling are an important aspect of a business function, even if the event is described as a social gathering. Be sure to greet or introduce yourself to the host. Hostess. Spend a few minutes conversing with them on topics that relate to the event or to their business. To move on you can politely say, â€Å" I know you need to talk with other guest. † connect with as many attendees as possible. So not interrupt people; wait until they include you, or there is a break in the conversation and you can introduce yourself. Start conversations by asking someone about themselves. Do not look around the room for your next contact as you converse with someone. Focus eye contact on that individual and after a time, politely excuse yourself to move on to someone else. Slide 12 Office parties are good opportunities to improve morale and build good will. Keep in mind these are people who see you every day and they will remember a lapse in behavior. Be aware of your alcoholic consumption and do not embarrass yourself. Do not discuss business- this is a social occasion and an opportunity to learn more about your co-workers. Now that you have learned about all the scenarios I have some handouts as guidance for you to reference just in case you forget anything that we have discussed. ( Handout 1 and Handout 2) Slide 13 Now that you are aware of the different types of business scenarios you can actually move forward to the part we actually and sitting down and eating. It can be very confusing to be presented with a variety of eating utensils. Remember to start at the outside and work your way in. if you have been given two forks, which are the same size, begin with the fork on the outside. Many restaurants use the same size of fork for both the salad and main course. Be careful how you hold your utensils. Many people tend to make a fist around the handle of the utensil, this is the way a young child would grasp a utensil not an adult. There are two acceptable ways to use the knife and fork; continental fashion and American standard. Continental fashion; the diner cuts the food usually one bite at a time and uses the fork in the left hand, tines pointing down, to spear the food and bring it to the mouth. American standard; a few bites are cut, the knife is laid across the top on the plate, sharp edge toward you and the fork is switched to the right hand, if right-handed, tines up to bring the food to the mouth. Do not cut more than two or three bites at a time. Slide 14 This would be a typical dining table setting. Each and every one of you will walk away today knowing exactly how these should be set up. Slide 15 Continental or European style is when cutting the food with the right hand and using the left hand to hold the food while cutting and when eating. The American style is cutting the food with the right hand and holding the food with the left, then switching hands to eat with the right hand. Slide 16 Do not take a lot of time to order. Others are waiting. Order simply, do not customize your order excessively as this can attract unnecessary and negative attention. Follow your host’s lead. Avoid foods that are difficult to eat and or messy. If you are your host’s guest, select an item that is in the mid-price range, easy to eat and one you will enjoy. Consider asking your host/hostess for a recommendation before making your decision. If you are the host, it is courteous to take the lead in ordering appetizers and wine, if these are to be served. Slide 17 Do introduce yourself to each new person at the table and greet those you have already met before everyone is seated. Remember to use a firm handshake! Don’t talk with food in your mouth. Do sit up straight and keep your arms and elbows off the table. Don’t blow on food that is hot. Do carry food to your mouth with an inward, not an outward, curve of the fork or spoon. Don’t gesture with silverware in your hand. Do look into, not over, your cup or glass when drinking. Don’t overload your plate. Do try a little of everything served to you unless you are allergic. Don’t saw back and forth with your knife; stroke the knife toward you instead. Don’t let your silverware touch the table after you have picked it up. If you are not finished eating, place the fork and knife on your plate in an upside down V. Don’t push your plate away from you when you are finished; instead place your fork and knife side by side on your plate at an angle Slide 18. All of these will be very useful when you have your first business dinner. Or maybe this is a refresher for those who have encountered a business dining situation before. While eating wait for everyone to get their meal before starting yours, take small bites, try to pace yourself to finish as the same times as everyone else. If you leave the table, excuse yourself and place your napkin on your seat. When you are finished eating, place your napkin neatly to the left of your plate, but do not push your place setting away from you. Slide 19- No Notes Slide 20. You should prearrange how the bill is being paid. Always make sure the bill is accurate. Last thing to remember when paying the is to tip appropriately 15% for moderate service and 20% for excellent service. Now that you have finished thank your guest for joining you and shake their hand again. Slide 21 Now that you have sat through all of this training I am sure you all have worked up a appetite. How about we demonstrate what we have learned here today? We will be dining at the Radisson Hotel for a business dinner with everyone who has attended today. You all will be monitored so lets show the company you can do this! After dinner we will meet back here to finalize this workshop. At this time any questions that have not been answered during the presentation feel free to ask them now. Slide 22 A good point to remember in business etiquette is everyone should be treated with equal courtesy and respect. Business etiquette should be a give and take, to help each other when help is needed and have consideration for others. Good manners and business etiquette have always been based on common sense and thoughtfulness.

Globalization of health care Essay

The world, as you know it, has changed as a result of globalization. Local or nationalistic perspectives is transforming to broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers. To be more specific, due to the development of transportation and telecommunication that the globalization plays an important role of life is irreversible. It presents in plenty of aspects of life, namely trade, culture, tourism, sports, medical treatment,†¦ People now find it much easier struggling to deal with things, ranging from daily demands to huge decisions not only domestically but internationally as well thanks to the advanced technology brought about by efforts of nations. For example, contacting with friends, even visually in distance is just like a piece of cake with a mobile phone or laptop. In terms of transports, it now allows you to make it to the opposite side of the Earth within few days. Concerning health care, receiving the same quality treatment but lower cost is not unthinkable, it is a reality to developed citizens who dare travel to developing areas. Our group chose this name because it was the first potential name crossing our minds after the question was raised. In order to adapt to the world, it is essential that you first of all become a globalized student. Approaching the globalization requires general and detailed knowledge of specific fields. For instance; if you want to send an email, then you learn how to write an email; if you want to call a partner, then you must have the numbers; if you want to use airplane service, then you must know how to make it to the waiting lounge. Simply speaking, you want to fly, you must have wings first. We not only hope for the best but also prepare for the worst. How does this name relates to International Business? Plainly in evidence that chapter 1 of the subject tells the importance of the name. It represents not only as the foundation of the study but as the future of how students establish their points of views towards economic, financial, trade, and communications integration. Students planning to work in multinational enterprises or run their own business have to master and learn how to be a globalized students in the range of university,  specifically in class of home before any further matters can be discussed. Frankly speaking, learn how to swim well at pool first or else you are going to be drown in deep ocean. 1.A decade ago the idea that medical procedures might move offshore was unthinkable. Today it is a reality. What trends have facilitated this process? The conventional concept of receiving medical treatment abroad some decades ago was something rare or even unthinkable. However, in recent years, this whole traditional idea has completely changed. The trend has shifted dramatically from the point which the citizens of many countries traveled to the United States and to the developed countries of Europe to seek the expertise and advanced technology available in leading medical centers, to the situation nowadays wherein citizens of highly developed countries choose to bypass care offered in their own communities and travel to less developed areas of the world to receive a wide variety of medical services. This significant change is brought about by the two main factors: the relentless development of technology and the cost advantage The relentless development of technology The 21th century has witnessed many outstanding breakthroughs in technology, especially in telecommunication, transportation and medical field. The development in telecommunication, in which the Internet is the biggest example, allows medical treatment abroad to be carried out in a faster and more convenient way. For example, with Internet, radiologists in the US can beam images to India where they could be interpreted by the Indian counterparts. Moreover, since India is on the opposite side of the globe, the interpretation of the images could be done while it was nighttime in the United States and be ready for the attending physician the following morning. Also, the advance of transportation makes possible the travel from one country to another in the shortest time and the least expensive way. Furthermore, the improvement in the medical field also provides developing countries to not only develop their domestic health care services but also expose to higher technological equipment. This contributes to the expansion of a global health care supply chain. As a result for people who seek overseas medical treatment, they can get access to a more various marketplace that provide the services. Some typical examples are India, Thailand, †¦ The cost advantage Although technological advance plays an important role in bringing about the overseas medical treatment, still the strongest driving force that facilitated the globalization of health care is the cost. In developed countries such as the US, the expenses are far greater than that of those provided in less developed or developing countries. This alone has persuaded a large amount of patients to find treatment elsewhere. In fact, it also gave birth to a new trend which is called â€Å"medical tourism†, wherein patients would visit a foreign land to receive complex, sophisticated and often serious medical or surgical care. Following the treatment the â€Å"tourist† can experience personal medical attention in a luxurious setting with first class accommodation and subsequently has the chance to enjoy vacation for a short time before going back home. Howard Staab is an ideal example for this cost advantage. Mr. Staab underwent a leaking heart valve surgery in New Delhi and toured the Taj Mahah afterward with the total price of $10.000, which is a lot cheaper than the $60.000 cost alone for the operation cost in the US, without the visit to the Taj Mahal. Others Besides the two main drivers mentioned above, there are some other factors involving in the decision – making of the consumers in this overseas health care services. Some people who had undergone medical care in a foreign country said that they did it to circumvent the delays associated with long waiting list. This so called â€Å"long waiting list† phenomenon recently has made as 40 veterans died while awaiting care at the Phoenix VA hospital. Also, the involvement of insurance companies by offering enrollees the option of getting treatment abroad for expensive surgeries could provide this trend a big boost. 2.Is the globalization of health care good or bad for patients? Globalization is becoming more and more a part of our society. The health care industry is also affected by globalization. Physicians are traveling to other countries to perform volunteer work and patients are traveling to other countries to receive medical care. This has both beneficial and harmful influence on the patients’ health. Positive impacts Adequate care for patients in developing countries Globalization has brought access to medication from manufacturers to less developed countries where patients can either not afford it, or would not have access to it. Patients in these countries also have a lack of diagnostic capabilities and poor transport options. The Glievec International Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP) is an international program that works with drug manufacturers to distribute medication to patients. Under the program, the manufacturer provides drugs at no cost directly to eligible patients. This program helps over 18,000 patients worldwide each year. Furthermore, physicians, students, and other professionals volunteer to travel to other countries and provide medical treatment to those who live in countries that do not have adequate health care. For instance, sub-Saharan Africa has roughly twenty-five percent of the global disease burden, yet only three percent of the global health care workforce. Since globalization of the health industry is currently in process, physicians from around the world are participating in â€Å"medical missions† to developing countries to administer medical care. The circulation of patients The outsourcing of medical procedures to nations where medical professionals are paid lower could clearly benefits consumers. The movement of patients is a more recent phenomenon. Though still marginal, so called ‘medical tourism’ is becoming more important. Treatments offered in western Europeans countries attract infertile couples from United States because they cost half or one third of those provided in North America. Elective surgery offered in highly sophisticated Indian hospitals tends to cost only 10–20% of identical treatment in western countries. There is also a shift from personal initiatives to national incentives. Tunisia, for example, organized a conference at the beginning of December 2004 to attract health care purchasers from abroad. Purchasers, even those belonging to public systems can potentially be interested, when a reduction of costs by as much as 50–80% can be realized. Negative impacts Developing international standards in medical education and health care delivery can help improving quality in health care all over the world. Nevertheless, two problems remain. Potential of such developments to improve the quality in health care within the world International standards cannot be created that will fit the cultural, social, and economical contexts of very different countries. It is often assumed that, simply demonstrating compliance with quality processes, will lead to a result (of the treatment) that will be the same, whatever the country or the professionals involved. But it cannot be definitely sure that applying North American (or European, or for that matter African or Asian) procedures and quality rules in other countries will lead to adequate quality. Issues of access to health care and ethical dimension Countries which continue to accept patients from other lands for expensive services run the risk of either pricing out poorer citizens, or creating a second tier of medical care in those countries. Further, ethically speaking, it is not acceptable to exclude the local population from the benefits of care that is provided in their country for rich strangers, even if this organization allows less rich countries to develop employment in the health care sector. In addition, medical tourism may shift services from  preventive public health measures, to less effective and more expensive private clinics. The treatment standards in countries such as India may not be up to the standards found in the United States, and that the process takes some control out of the hands of the consumers. Finally, there are some of the potential dangers of volunteerism. When students or physicians with little education or knowledge of the culture they are in or volunteer, patients of those countries run the risk of making their symptoms worse. In conclusion, with healthcare globalization, patients in less developed countries can receive medication and care that they would not receive otherwise, doctors and physicians can volunteer and travel to other countries to provide care and treatment. Patients also have the ability to travel to other countries to receive care that would normally be very expensive in their own country. However, globalization runs the risk of patients in other countries not receiving quality care due to volunteers lacking in education, as well as ethical dilemmas. 3.Is the globalization of health care good or bad for American Economy? In general, there are many concerning about globalization of health care that have been proposed by Americans economists. In fact, many aspects has come up to this problems. Here are the examples. Impatient Americans seeking medical care are increasingly making trips far from home, often at their own expense—not just short hops to Caracas for a nip and tuck or dashes across the frontier for cheap Mexican pills. As Mr. Steele’s testimonial suggests, they are now travelling across the world for knee and heart surgery, hysterectomies and shoulder angioplasties. One motive is to save money. America’s health inflation has consistently outpaced economic growth, making it the most expensive health market in the world. The average price at good facilities abroad for a range of common medical procedures is, by Deloitte’s reckoning, barely 15% of the price a patient would have to pay in the United States (see table). But costs have long been much higher in America than in poor countries, so this alone does not explain the new exodus. Two other factors are now at work. One is that the quality at the best hospitals in Asia and Latin America is now at least  as good as it is at many hospitals in rich countries. The second, more worrying, factor is that America’s already imperfect insurance safety net is fraying. Over 45m Americans are uninsured, and many millions more are severely underinsured. Such people may find it cheaper to fly abroad and pay for an operation out of their own pockets than to find the money for deductibles or â€Å"co-payments† charged for the same procedure at home. Arnold Milstein of Mercer, a consultancy, calls them America’s â€Å"medical refugees†. Big business may soon join this wave. Epstein, Becker & Green, an American law firm, says that in the past year big employers have become interested in promoting medical travel among the employees they insure. Many are struggling to cope with soaring health costs and some, they report, are willing to take radical steps to save money. Behind the mask How will that affect the health systems in rich and developing countries? Listen to critics of medical travel, and you might think that all of this is a tragedy. It has come about, they argue, because of the terrible state of America’s health care, and its consequences for developing nations will be dire. The flow of foreigners will encourage capital and trained staff to flee state-run health-care systems in poor countries in favor of better-paying jobs catering to foreigners and local fat cats. It is surely right that medical tourism is partly the result of the failings in America’s health system. Moreover, recent research by the World Bank does indeed suggest that â€Å"internal brain drain† is a worry in some countries, especially those with few doctors and nurses. However, in many huge net exporters of doctors and nurses, such as India and the Philippines, an internal brain drain is hardly much of a worry, because there are plenty of medics to go around. And shortages, in countries where they exist, can be alleviated by reforms changing the way nursing education is funded, for instance, that would help to improve their ailing state-run health systems. 4.Who might benefit from the globalization of health care? Who might lose? Throughout history people have always shared information, traded commodities and exchanged some forms of currency across various borders, which proves globalization an enormous interest of human being. Consequently, health care  industry is no longer a norm of services provided where the patients located. The links between globalization and health are complex and globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon that can affect health in myriad ways. Its consequences can be either direct, at the level of whole populations, individuals and healthcare delivery systems, or indirect, through the economy and other factors, such as education, sanitation and water supply. For the health community, globalization offers opportunities but also poses significant challenges to many sectors. The customers (the patients) Benefits: †¢Quick response to deceases with lower costs: Due to the imbalance between supply and demand of health care in the United States, the patients have been undergoing overloaded treatment with high costs. The shortage of radiologists in America cause patients’ diagnostic medical images (including X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans and ultrasounds) to be read and interpreted for longer hours. However this can be resolved more quickly by beaming the images over the Internet for Indian radiologists. Another situation of Howard Staab, who completed his leaking heart valve cure in New Delhi, India for $10,000 instead of paying $60,000 for American hospitals, proves financial benefits for patients. †¢Chances for traveling: Medical tourism is a second mechanism through which the patients can benefit through trade liberalisation in healthcare. Taking advantage of abroad trips for medical services, patient could also travel for convalescence in famous tourist attractive destinations, which costs totally lower than treatment in the United States. Losses: †¢Spread of infectious deceases: The flip side of the above benefit is that due to the rapid mobility of people across borders for health care services, the spread of infectious diseases is a threat to everyone, particularly the poor. It is entirely possible that a person in the early stages of an infectious disease could travel halfway around the world in 12–15 hours, which functions as a vector for that disease to spread into non-immune populations. The recent epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is the best contemporary example of serious damages to the community due to  globalization of health care. †¢Involved risks due to absence of international insurance policy: Since the U.S Government-sponsored medical insurance program, Medicare, would not pay for services done outside of the country, patients without international medical insurance could be harmed. The developing countries Benefits: †¢Improve health care status & create employment opportunities for health care and tourism: Several decades ago very few hospitals in developing countries could claim to offer the highest quality of health care. Due to globalization of health care, hospitals around the world are striking to meet the stringent requirements, improving health systems standards to attract foreigners, which also benefits local patients. Besides, it would also be useful to encourage developing countries to tax medical tourism and use the proceeds to support their domestic healthcare system. Consequently, health care globalization is creating more works for local health care and tourism industry. According to the management consultancy McKinsey & Co., medical tourism was a$2.3-billion industry in India in 2012. Losses: †¢Internal brain drain of medical professionals: Another dilemma that seriously affects people in developing countries, as well as poorer communities in the industrialized nations, is a lack of health professionals. If there are going to have a global world, then people who have these needed skills should be paid appropriately, which induces them to work for well-paid medical industry. The developed countries (the United States) Benefits: †¢Potential gains for the economy: The U.S government could attain profits on providing education of modern technological medical system for developing countries. Besides, insurance companies could offer international healthcare vouchers to be secured while using foreign facilities and sharing their savings. Losses: †¢A small fraction of work and treatment moving offshore: Even though the U.S  regulations require that a radiologist be licensed in the state and will not pay for international medical treatment through Medicare, there would be a small fraction of patients travel abroad for health care due to their overweighed benefits. Reference Question 1 http://carey.jhu.edu/one/2009/fall/globalized-health-care-driven-by-technology/ http://www.pennlive.com/nation-world/2014/08/no_proof_veterans_on_waiting_l.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2234298/